The research for international response to the loss and damage caused by climate change

Le changement climatique devient de plus en plus grave, ce qui a déclenché un débat approfondi sur la manière d’y faire face. La réponse internationale est l’atténuation et l’adaptation. Cette thèse considère que l’adaptation est plus importante pour les Pertes et Dommages causés par le changement climatique. La première question abordée dans la présente thèse est de savoir quelle est la définition des Pertes et Dommages causés par le changement climatique. Une autre question principale est de savoir comment remplir l’obligation d’adaptation en réponse aux Pertes et Dommages. Pour l’obligation d’adaptation, la recherche vise à donner quelques suggestions: tirer pleinement parti des mesures du Mécanisme international de Varsovie; améliorer le mécanisme de mise en œuvre de l’Accord de Paris afin de garantir que les parties contractantes remplissent leurs obligations internationales. La thèse analyse également les contre-mesures de la Chine et suggère que la Chine devrait formuler des politiques appropriées de réduction des émissions et des politiques d’aide étrangère. La thèse analyse le « principe de responsabilité commune mais différenciée ». L’objectif est de discuter de la perspective du principe sur les obligations d’adaptation. Les pays adhèrent au principe et remplissent les obligations d’adaptation ou les obligations d’assistance pour les autres pays.Climate change is becoming more and more serious, which has triggered extensive discussion on how to deal with it. The international response are mitigation and adaptation. This thesis considers that adaptation is more important for the Loss and Damage caused by climate change. The first question addressed in the present thesis is what the definition of Loss and Damage caused by climate change is. Another principal question is how to fulfill the adaptation obligation in response to the Loss and Damage. For the adaptation obligation, the research aims to give some suggestions: to make full use of the measures under the Warsaw International Mechanism; to improve the implementation mechanism of the Paris Agreement to ensure that the contracting parties fulfill their international obligations. The thesis also analyzes China’s countermeasures, and it suggests that China should formulate appropriate emission reduction policies and foreign aid policies. The thesis analyzes the “common but differentiated responsibility principle”. The purpose is to discuss the prospect of the principle on adaptation obligations. Countries adhere to the principle and fulfill the adaptation obligations or the assistance obligations for other countries

Self-assembly of 3D fennel-like Co3O4 with thirty-six surfaces for high performance supercapacitor

Three-dimensional (3D) fennel-like cobalt oxide (II,III) (Co3O4) particles with thirty-six surfaces on nickel foams were prepared via a simple hydrothermal synthesis method and its growth process was also researched. The crystalline structure and morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The Brunauer-Emmett Teller (BET) analysis revealed that 3D fennel-like Co3O4 particles have high specific surface area. Therefore, the special structure with thirty-six surfaces indicates the good electrochemical performance of the micron-nanometer material as electrode material for supercapacitors. The cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were conducted to evaluate the electrochemical performances. Compared with other morphological materials of the similar sizes, the Co3O4 particles on nickel foam exhibit a high specific capacitance of 384.375 F.g(-1) at the current density of 3A.g(-1) and excellent cycling stability of a capacitance retention of 96.54% after 1500 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles in 6M potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte